Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma bunius

Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma bunius A Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng. Ivan L. Lawagai,* Suad Naheedb, Mohammed Mosihuzzamanc, Allan, Patrick G. Macabeoadeg, Erickson Paragasefk, Peter Prokschh, Alicia M. Aguinaldoaeg Watchwords: Antidesma, Antidesma bunius, Amentoflavone, Betasitosterol, biflavone, sterols 1. Subject and source Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng. (Euphrbiaceae) ‘‘bignay† is a typical plant found all through the Philippines. The bark is noxious as it contains an alkaloid in this manner, is utilized restoratively. The leaves are acidic and diaphoretic, and, when youthful, these are overflowed with pot-herbs, and utilized by the locals in syphilitic diseases (Quisumbing, 1978). The leaves are sudorific and are utilized in rewarding snakebite in Asia (Morton, 1987). The leaves of Antidesma bunius, ordinarily known as â€Å"bignay†, are generally utilized by local Filipinos to control diabetes (Lawag et al., 2012). New leaves were gathered from the slopes of Brgy. Agustin Navarra, Ivisan, Capiz Province in January 2009. The plant was recognized by Asst. Prof. Rosie A. Madulid and a voucher example (USTH 5357) is stored at the UST Herbarium, Botany Laboratory, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas (UST), Manila, Philippines. 2. Past work Dammara-20, 24-dien-3î ²-ol and friedelin were detached from the stem and leaves of A. bunius (Hui and Sung, 1968). In 2008, Samappito and Butkhup recognized the flavonoids catechin, Procyanidin B1 and Procyanidin B2 from the leafy foods corrosive, quercetin, catechin and epicatechin were additionally distinguished from the products of A. bunius (Santiago et al., 2005). 3. Present investigation 3.1. Extraction and confinement Dried and ground leaves Antidesma bunius (1610 g) were extricated with 80% ethanol to give a green sweet concentrate (240.0 g) which was exposed to vacuum fluid chromatography (VLC) utilizing solvents of expanding extremity beginning with hexane, hexane-dichloromethane (1:1), dichloromethane, dichloromethane - ethyl acetic acid derivation (1:1), ethyl acetic acid derivation, ethyl acetic acid derivation methanol (1:1), and methanol to give seven parts. The fifth portion (4.04 g) was additionally fractionated twice on silica gel stuffed on VLC utilizing solvents of expanding extremity beginning from hexane and completion with methanol giving five divisions each, individually. Division three which was refined twice on silica gel utilizing hexane-dichloromethane (1:1) and hexane-dichloromethane (95:5) outfitted 1 (16.13 mg). Seclusion of 2: the fourth portion (12.34 g) after VLC was chromatographed on silica gel utilizing 5-10% angles of methanol in dichloromethane to give ten divisions. Part three (42.3 mg) was additionally sanitized utilizing Sephadex LH20 utilizing 20% inclinations of methanol in DCM to give 2 (5.9 mg). (1)(2) 3.2. Recognizable proof of refined mixes The mixes were distinguished as Stigmast-5-en-3î ²-ol or ÃŽ ²-sitosterol, a plant sterol, (1) (Balamurugan et al., 2012) and (Sosinska, et al., 2013) and 3,8-biapigenin (Amentoflavone), a biflavone (2) (Chari et al., 1977) and (Ryu et al., 2010) based on their IR, LR-EIMS, LR-ESIMS and NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H Cozy, HMBC and HSQC) phantom information and by examination of spectra reports with the writing. 4. Chemotaxonomic centrality Other Antidesma species like A. menasu (Risvi et al., 1980a), (Risvi et al., 1980b) and A. pentandrum (Chen et al., 2004), (Kikuchi, 1983) are known to contain plant sterols. A. puncticulatum is known to contain flavonoids (Nuengchamnong and Ingkaninan, 2009), while A. laciniatum was accounted for to contain both plant sterols and flavonoids (Tchinda et al., 2006). The confinement procedure that was by and by preformed on the ethanolic leaf concentrate of A. bunius managed mixes 1 and 2 which were cognizant to the aggravates that were recently separated or detailed from the other Antidesma species. In spite of the fact that the said mixes were accounted for the absolute first time in A. bunius, compound 1 was likewise answered to be available in A. pentandrum (Chen et al., 2004) and in A. laciniatum (Tchinda et al., 2006), while compound 2 was accounted for to be available in A. laciniatum (Tchinda et al., 2006). This further builds up the chemotaxonomic relationship of A. bunius towards different types of the sort Antidesma. Despite the fact that plant sterols (Hui and Sung, 1968) and biflavones (Samappito and Butkhup, 2008), (Santiago et al., 2005) were recently revealed in the leaf and bark separates A. bunius, this is the principal report that showed the nearness of ÃŽ ²-sitosterol (1) and Amentoflavone (2). Mixes 1 and 2 thusly indicate the rundown of confined and recognized mixes from the leaves of A. bunius. References Quisumbing, E., 1978. Therapeutic Plants of the Philippines. Katha Publishing Inc., Quezon City, Philippines. Balamurugan, R., Stalin, A. what's more, Ignacimuthu, S., 2012. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 47, 38 †43. Chari, V. M., Ilyas, M., Wagner, H., Neszmelyi, A., Chen, F., Chen, L., Lin, Y., Lin, Y., 1977. Phytochemistry 16, 1273 †1278. Chen, Y.C.; Cheng, M.J.; Lee, S.J.; Dixit, A.K., Ishikawa, T., Tsai, I.L.; Chen, I.S., 2004. Helvetica Chimica Acta 87 (11), 2805 †2811. Hui, W. H.; Sung, M. L., 1968. Australian Journal of Chemistry 21(8), 2137-40. Kikuchi, H., Tensho, A., Shimizu, I., Shiokawa, H., Kuno, A., Yamada, S., Fujiwara, T., Tomita, K., 1983. Science Letters (4), 603 â€606. Lawag, I., Aguinaldo, A., Naheed, S., Mossihuzzaman, M., 2012. Diary of Ethnopharmacology 144(1), 217 †219. Morton, J., 1987. Bignay. p. 210â€212. Products of Warm Climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, FL. Nuengchamnong, N., and Ingkaninan, K., 2010. Food Chemistry 118, 147 †152. Samappito, S.; Butkhup, L., 2008. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 11 (13), 1654 †1661. Santiago, D.M.O., 2005. MS Thesis University of the Philippines, Los Banos. Sosinska, E., Przybylski, R., Hazendonk, P., Zhao, Y. Y., Curtis, J., 2013. Food Chemistry 139, 464 †474. Rizvi, S. H. Shoeb, A. Kapil, R. S. Popli, S. P., 1980. Experientia 36. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel (Schweiz). Rizvi, S., Shoeb, A., Kapil, R., Popli, S., 1980. Phytochemistry 19 (11), 2409 †10. Ryu, Y. B., Jeong, H. J., Kima, J. H., Kima, Y. M., Park, J., Kim, D., Naguyen, T.T.H., Park, S., Chang, J. S., Park, K. H., Rho, M., Lee, W. S., 2010. Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry 18, 7940 †7947. Tchinda, A..; Teshome, A.; Dagne, E.; Arnold, N.; Wessjohann, L., 2006. Notice of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 20 (2), 325 †328. Current Affiliations: iChemistry Department, Adamson University, Ermita, Manila, Philippines. jJinnah University for Women, Nazimabad, Karachi, Pakistan kDepartment of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA * Corresponding creator. Email address:*[emailprotected] (I.L. Lawag)

Country music Essay Example For Students

Blue grass music Essay America has changed radically consistently, music has changed alongside it. Music changed with the occasions and caught those minutes inside them. Music lets us investigate the past and allows us to feel the feelings that were occurring inside those years. America was an autonomous documentation that complied with nobody else and it appeared. We as a country needed to develop and learn all alone and individuals communicated it in the craftsmanship particularly. During the time we have developed radically and the music will consistently advance with us as it appears in the music we tune in to today, even nation itself. In the asking of time music was thought of as just an articulation since it couldn't be appeared to numerous others. In America alone, the styles that we appreciate today, for example, blues, awesome and nation get from the Native Americans who previously strolled this land. For these individuals the music was in different structures and was for the most part in strict purposes. With the appearance of outsiders from changed nations carried various styles with them; alongside a lot of new instruments to play. As the United States united such a significant number of settlers, America joined their own style into the music discussion. The American dream has a lot to do with raising yourself by your own, and that is the thing that American music did in the nineteenth century. The nineteenth century started with for the most part fiddlers, fifers and assemblages while finishing with splendid show houses and the absolute best ensembles around the world. The United States had a variety of multi-ethnic styles and came out the greatest country for assortment of music amusement with the most known artists ever. African Americans contributed the absolute most well known styles we use today, particularly in down home music. Blue grass music has progressed significantly since the asking of time. Blue grass music was made from African American blues with Appalachian society. This type of music began to get well known around the sasss in the country South. From the get-go nation came known as hillbillys music since it took parts of the blues and components of the nineteenth century pop melodies. It began with instruments, for example, the European fiddle and later on included the African banjo, guitar and the Hawaiian ukulele and string guitar. Blue grass music was not broadly enjoyed yet after World War II individuals started to welcome the music and a couple of stars radiated through and shed light on the class. Blue grass Music from that point on developed and ventured into the standard nation we have today. Today America is the most famous nation for creating music and sine we have consolidated and joined such a large number of various styles during the time different nations are asking to admire us and discover impact in our style. Music is utilized as the time-case of our history and will keep on consistently hold critical incentive in light of the fact that the effect of Americas amusement business influences the world and will keep on developing if American artists can relate their music to the occasions and the residents.

Program Assistant Introduction Niara Valerio COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Program Assistant Introduction Niara Valerio COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Niara Valerio, 2nd year MPA IFEP GPP student Class has officially started for the 2018-2019 academic year! With this semester, we have a brand new group of program assistants who will be assisting the SIPA Office of Admissions. Well be featuring our new PAs over the next couple of weeks. For todays post, lets give a warm welcome to Niara Valerio! Niara is a current graduate student at Columbia University studying International Finance and Economic Policy with a specialization in Gender and Public Policy. Niara grew up in New York City and completed her undergraduate degree at Harvard University where she studied Economics and Government. Prior to enrolling at SIPA, Niara worked as an Investment Intern at Women’s World Banking Capital Partners and served as Economic Affairs Adviser to the Permanent Observer Mission of the African Union. Niara has a strong interest in women’s economic empowerment and hopes to work for either a venture capital or private equity fund after graduation. She recently started her own ed-tech company, Purpose Tutors, which provides test prep and mentorship to underserved students in the South Bronx. Her hope is to gain the experience to one day start her own fund to invest in female and minority led companies. What were you doing before you came to SIPA? I was working as an Economic Affairs Advisor at the Permanent Observer Mission of the African Union to the United Nations. What attracted you to SIPA and Columbia University? I wanted to come to SIPA because I was attracted to all the different course offerings and how international the school is. I was especially interested in the Gender and Public Policy Specialization. My focus is on Women’s Economic Empowerment and I wanted to attend a school that allowed me to pursue my interests in both finance and gender. Have you taken classes at other Columbia Schools? Yes, I’ve taken several courses outside of SIPA, I took a class at the Mailman School of Public Health “Public Health and Abortion Policy” and one at the Institute for Research in African-American Studies (IRAAS), “Gender, Sexuality and Labor in the Caribbean.” I really valued the opportunity to get to know other students and professors within the Columbia community and outside of SIPA. Did you choose to attend SIPA to change careers, or to gain experience in a career path you already had experience in? A little bit of both, I already had some exposure to finance and economics prior to attending SIPA but I wanted to get more experience in Gender and Public Policy. I think SIPA is a great place to blend different interest areas because the course offerings are so diverse. You can really tailor your coursework to suit your own interests. How did you obtain your internship? My internship last year was with Accion EAST in their SBA Lending division, I actually applied via SIPA Link and heard back pretty quickly, I was offered the position on the spot, but I think I was very lucky in that regard, that doesn’t usually happen. What has been the best part of your SIPA experience? The people I’ve met for sure! I think SIPA attracts a really dynamic, interesting group of people with unique perspectives; you have the opportunity to be exposed to so many different cultures and backgrounds. I definitely appreciate how much I’ve learned from my classmates. [Photo courtesy of Niara Valerio]